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A wheat berry, or wheatberry, is a whole wheat kernel, composed of the bran, germ, and endosperm, without the husk. [1] Botanically, it is a type of fruit called a caryopsis . [ 2 ] Wheat berries are eaten as a grain, have a tan to reddish-brown color, and can vary in gluten and protein content from 6–9% ("soft") to 10–14% ("hard").
In the United States, about 40% of the total wheat production is of a strain known as hard red winter wheat, with soft red winter wheat contributing another 15% of the annual wheat crop. There are also winter varieties of white wheat. [4] Soft red winter wheat is also grown in the Canadian province of Ontario, along with white winter wheat. [5]
By 1920, Marquis wheat accounted for 90 percent of the hard red spring wheat planted on the Canadian prairies. The introduction of Marquis resulted in wheat production in Saskatchewan doubling between 1906 and 1920. Marquis was eventually replaced by rust-resistant varieties like Thatcher, Apex, and Renown. [4]
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Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley. Groats are whole grains that include the cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endosperm (which is the usual product of milling). Groats can also be produced from pseudocereal seeds such as ...
It is a hard, bread wheat with straws 0.9 to 1.5 metres tall. [2] From the mid-1800s until the early 1900s, Red Fife was the dominant variety of wheat grown in Canada and the northern United States, prized for its hardiness, rust resistance, yield, and milling and baking qualities. [3]
While mostly similar to the US Hard Red Spring wheat, the classification caused inconsistencies, so Argentina introduced three new classes of wheat, with all names using a prefix Trigo Dura Argentina (TDA) and a number. [75] The grain classification in Australia is within the purview of its National Pool Classification Panel.
Einkorn wheat is low-yielding but can survive on poor, dry, marginal soils where other varieties of wheat will not. It is primarily eaten boiled in whole grains or in porridge. [ 5 ] As with other ancient varieties of wheat such as emmer , Einkorn is a "covered wheat" as its kernels do not break free from its seed coat ( glume ) with threshing.