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Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is more common.
Countries by Gender Inequality Index (Data from 2019, published in 2020). Red denotes more gender inequality, and green more equality. [1]The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is an index for the measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report 20th anniversary edition by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Gender equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on gender or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for gender, also called substantive equality. [3] Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help achieve the goal.
Gender equality includes social equality between men, women, and intersex people, whether transgender or cisgender. Internationally, women are harmed significantly more by a lack of gender equality, resulting in a higher risk of poverty. [12] Racial equality and ethnic equality include social equality between people of different races and ...
Within the field of sociology, gender parity is generally understood to refer to a binary distinction between people based in identity and sex differences. [3] Though the word "gender" is part of the term, the meaning as it is used is closer to assigned sex than to gender identity. [4]
According to William A. Darity, Jr. and Patrick L. Mason, there is a strong horizontal occupational division in the United States on the basis of gender; in 1990, the index of occupational dissimilarity was 53%, meaning 53% of women or 47% of men would have to move to a different career field in order for all occupations to have equal gender ...
Gender inequality, the social process by which men and women are not treated as equals; Gender pension gap, the cumulative impact of the gender pay gap. Global Gender Gap Report, an index, published by the World Economic Forum, designed to measure gender equality; Sex ratio, the ratio of males to females in a population
The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is a gender-focused development of the Human Development Index (HDI) which measures the development levels in a country corrected by the existing gender inequalities. [5] [6] It addresses gender-gaps in life expectancy, education, and incomes. It uses an "inequality aversion" penalty, which creates a ...