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Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from the Bronze Age until the early Roman Empire. It was strongly affected by foreign influence in all periods and it is not possible to clearly separate it from neighbouring cultures, particularly ...
The diacritic is sometimes omitted in transcription, leading to spellings such as Santa [2] or Sanda. [3] Annelies Kammenhuber described Šanta as a god of indeterminate Anatolian origin. [4] According to Piotr Taracha , he was originally a Luwian deity. [5] However, he is attested both in Luwian and Hittite religious texts. [1]
"Luwian" is an exonym first used by the Hittites as an "ethno-linguistic term referring to the area where Luwian was spoken" [1] in Bronze Age Anatolia. It has been suggested that the name is a foreign ethnic designation borrowed from another foreign ethnic designation - nuwā-um. [2]
In the Iron Age, she nonetheless became the main goddess in the Luwian pantheon. [15] Possibly in the aftermath of the fall of the Hittite Empire, Hurrian and Luwian traditions mixed, leading to the formation of the late form of the Luwian pantheon, which included her. [72] She continued to be worshiped in Carchemish. [73]
Tiwaz was the reflex of the male sky god of the Indo-European religion, Dyeus, who was superseded among the Hittites by the Hattian Sun goddess of Arinna.. In Bronze Age texts, Tiwaz is often referred to as "Father" (cuneiform Luwian: tatis Tiwaz) and once as "Great Tiwaz" (cuneiform Luwian: urazza-d UTU-az), and invoked along with the "Father gods" (cuneiform Luwian: tatinzi maššaninzi).
Though drawing on ancient Mesopotamian religion, the religion of the Hittites and Luwians retains noticeable elements of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European mythology.For example, Tarhunt, the god of thunder and his conflict with the serpent Illuyanka resembles the conflict between Indra and the cosmic serpent Vritra in Vedic mythology, or Thor and the serpent Jörmungandr in Norse mythology.
Iyarri was associated with plague and war. [2] He was believed to cause epidemics, and was therefore also invoked in hopes of halting their spread. [3] The widespread view that he was a war god is based on his portrayal as an armed deity, on a text from the reign of Muršili II invoking him as a helper of the king in battle, and on his placement in various lists of deities, where he usually ...
Despite their foreign origin, the Dark Gods and Iyarri had cult places primarily in Central Anatolia and the regions inhabited by Luwians, and Iyarri appeared in Anatolian theophoric names, thus attesting that the people who gave these names saw these deities as being part of their own culture, thus showing that they had become firmly rooted in ...