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Luwian religion was the religious and mythological beliefs and practices of the Luwians, an Indo-European people of Asia Minor, which is detectable from the Bronze Age until the early Roman Empire. It was strongly affected by foreign influence in all periods and it is not possible to clearly separate it from neighbouring cultures, particularly ...
Most of the theophoric names invoking him are Luwian. [1] According to Piotr Taracha, while there was no single Luwian pantheon, attestations of him are known from all areas inhabited by Luwians, similarly as in the case of major deities such as Tarḫunz, Arma, Tiwad, Iyarri, Kamrušepa or Maliya. [26]
"Luwian" is an exonym first used by the Hittites as an "ethno-linguistic term referring to the area where Luwian was spoken" [1] in Bronze Age Anatolia. It has been suggested that the name is a foreign ethnic designation ( Assyrian ) borrowed from another foreign ethnic designation ( Hurrian ) - nuwā-um . [ 2 ]
In the Iron Age, she nonetheless became the main goddess in the Luwian pantheon. [15] Possibly in the aftermath of the fall of the Hittite Empire, Hurrian and Luwian traditions mixed, leading to the formation of the late form of the Luwian pantheon, which included her. [72] She continued to be worshiped in Carchemish. [73]
Tiwaz was the reflex of the male sky god of the Indo-European religion, Dyeus, who was superseded among the Hittites by the Hattian Sun goddess of Arinna.. In Bronze Age texts, Tiwaz is often referred to as "Father" (cuneiform Luwian: tatis Tiwaz) and once as "Great Tiwaz" (cuneiform Luwian: urazza-d UTU-az), and invoked along with the "Father gods" (cuneiform Luwian: tatinzi maššaninzi).
The Luwian god Tarḫunz worshipped by the Iron Age Neo-Hittite states was closely related to Tarḫunna, [19] Personal names referring to Tarḫunz, like "Trokondas", are attested into Roman times. [20] Tarhunna has also been identified with the later Armenian and Roman god, Jupiter Dolichenus. [21]
Despite their foreign origin, the Dark Gods and Iyarri had cult places primarily in Central Anatolia and the regions inhabited by Luwians, and Iyarri appeared in Anatolian theophoric names, thus attesting that the people who gave these names saw these deities as being part of their own culture, thus showing that they had become firmly rooted in ...
The toponym Istanuwa is named only in the Luwian ritual texts known as the Songs of Istanuwa and the Songs of the Men of Lallupiya. [1] Woudhuizen regarded it as an Arzawan word that originated before "the infiltration of Thracian and Phrygian population groups" [2] ultimately derived from the Indo-Iranian root istan ("land") and the foreign ethnic designation nuwā-um ("Luwian"). [3]