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Traditional American usage (which was also adapted from French usage but at a later date), Canadian, and modern British usage assign new names for each power of one thousand (the short scale). Thus, a billion is 1000 × 1000 2 = 10 9; a trillion is 1000 × 1000 3 = 10 12; and so forth.
For higher powers of ten, naming diverges. The Indian system uses names for every second power of ten: lakh (10 5), crore (10 7), arab (10 9), kharab (10 11), etc. In the two Western systems, long and short scales, there are names for every third power of ten. The short scale uses million (10 6), billion (10 9), trillion (10 12), etc.
A very large number raised to a very large power is "approximately" equal to the larger of the following two values: the first value and 10 to the power the second. For example, for very large n {\displaystyle n} there is n n ≈ 10 n {\displaystyle n^{n}\approx 10^{n}} (see e.g. the computation of mega ) and also 2 n ≈ 10 n {\displaystyle 2 ...
The difference is quite significant when dealing with gases, and it is very important to specify which quantity is being used. For example, the conversion factor between a mass fraction of 1 ppb and a mole fraction of 1 ppb is about 4.7 for the greenhouse gas CFC-11 in air (Molar mass of CFC-11 / Mean molar mass of air = 137.368 / 28.97 = 4.74 ...
phys: power lost in the form of synchrotron radiation by a proton revolving in the Large Hadron Collider at 7000 GeV [6] 2.9 × 10 −11: −72 dBm astro: power per square meter received from Proxima Centauri, the closest star known 10 −10: 1 × 10 −10: −68 dBm astro: estimated total Hawking radiation power of all black holes in the ...
For example, there is one order of magnitude between 2 and 20, and two orders of magnitude between 2 and 200. Each division or multiplication by 10 is called an order of magnitude. [ 3 ] This phrasing helps quickly express the difference in scale between 2 and 2,000,000: they differ by 6 orders of magnitude.
Trillion is a number with two distinct definitions: 1,000,000,000,000, i.e. one million million, or 10 12 (ten to the twelfth power), as defined on the short scale. This is now the meaning in both American and British English. 1,000,000,000,000,000,000, i.e. 10 18 (ten to the eighteenth power), as defined on the long scale. This is one million ...
One way to avoid confusion between the two scales is to use positional notation. For example 1,000,000,000,000 rather than 1 trillion (short scale) or 1 billion (long scale). This method becomes unwieldy for very large numbers. Combinations of the unambiguous words such as ten, hundred, thousand and million.