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Guanidine is the compound with the formula HNC(NH 2) 2. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in polar solvents. ... To alleviate the toxicity of guanidinium, ...
Guanidinium thiocyanate can be used to deactivate a virus, such as the influenza virus that caused the 1918 "Spanish flu", so that it can be studied safely.. Guanidinium thiocyanate is also used to lyse cells and virus particles in RNA and DNA extractions, where its function, in addition to its lysing action, is to prevent activity of RNase enzymes and DNase enzymes by denaturing them.
Galegine was used in the 1920s as a pharmaceutical treatment for diabetes; [3] however, because of its toxicity, its use was soon supplanted by superior alternatives. Research on galegine eventually led to the development of metformin which is used today for treatment of type 2 diabetes .
Zetekitoxin AB (ZTX) is a guanidine alkaloid found in the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki. It is an extremely potent neurotoxin. Structure ... Toxicity ZTX is ...
Experiments by the South Korean government found pulmonary toxicity of PHMG and PGH when inhaled as a vapor. [4] [5] PHMG and PGH caused pulmonary fibrosis when experimented on animals. On November 11, 2011, six humidifier disinfectants which contain PHMG and PGH were recovered. PHMG and PGH was banned in 2011, and new cases ceased occurring.
Guanidinium chloride is a weak acid with a pK a of 13.6. The reason that it is such a weak acid is the complete delocalization of the positive charge through three nitrogen atoms (plus a little bit of positive charge on carbon).
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a guanidine derivative that is used as a biocidal disinfectant, often in the form of its salt polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P). Studies have shown that PHMG in solution has fungicidal as well as bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria . [ 2 ]
In the 1920s, guanidine compounds were discovered in Galega extracts. Animal studies showed that these compounds lowered blood glucose levels. Some less toxic derivatives, synthalin A and synthalin B, were used for diabetes treatment, but after the discovery of insulin, their use declined.