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An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar) which is closely related to the antral floor.
An OAC that is smaller than 2mm can heal spontaneously i.e. closure of the opening. [11] Those that are larger than 2mm have a higher chance of developing into oro-antral fistula (OAF). [11] The passage is only defined as an OAF if it is persistent and lined by epithelium. [11]
The approach is mainly from the anterior wall of the maxilla bone. It was introduced by George Caldwell (1893)and Henry Luc (1897). The maxillary sinus is entered from two separate openings, one in the canine fossa to gain access to the antrum and other in the naso antral wall for drainage. [1]
[6] Oro-antral fistula if associated with sinusitis. [7] Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis. Though it is indicated only in severe cases not as a regular treatment. [8] It can be also used as diagnostic procedure for: Carrying out culture and sensitivity test if the returning fluid is mucopurulent or purulent in Chronic Sinusitis. [9]
Xray showing a sinus lift in the left upper jaw Sinus lift surgery, 3D Illustration. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation [1] (also known as a sinus lift, sinus graft, sinus augmentation, or sinus procedure) is a surgical procedure that aims to increase the amount of bone in the posterior maxilla, in the area of the premolar and molar teeth by lifting the lower sinus membrane and placing a bone ...
The oropharyngeal airway was designed by Arthur Guedel. [2]Oropharyngeal airways come in a variety of sizes, from infant to adult, and are used commonly in pre-hospital emergency care and for short term airway management post anaesthetic or when manual methods are inadequate to maintain an open airway.
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is an uncommon focal neurological condition affecting the jaws, face, and mouth. [1] Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary spasms of the tongue, jaw, and mouth muscles that result in bruxism, or grinding of the teeth, and jaw closure.
Advanced airway management is the subset of airway management that involves advanced training, skill, and invasiveness.It encompasses various techniques performed to create an open or patent airway – a clear path between a patient's lungs and the outside world.