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Direct projection of 3-sphere into 3D space and covered with surface grid, showing structure as stack of 3D spheres (2-spheres) In mathematics, a hypersphere or 3-sphere is a 4-dimensional analogue of a sphere, and is the 3-dimensional n-sphere. In 4-dimensional Euclidean space, it is the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point.
In mathematics, an n-sphere or hypersphere is an -dimensional generalization of the -dimensional circle and -dimensional sphere to any non-negative integer . The circle is considered 1-dimensional, and the sphere 2-dimensional, because the surfaces themselves are 1- and 2-dimensional respectively, not because they ...
The volume can be computed without use of the Gamma function. As is proved below using a vector-calculus double integral in polar coordinates, the volume V of an n-ball of radius R can be expressed recursively in terms of the volume of an (n − 2)-ball, via the interleaved recurrence relation:
The fibers of the Hopf fibration stereographically project to a family of Villarceau circles in R 3. The Hopf fibration has many implications, some purely attractive, others deeper. For example, stereographic projection S 3 → R 3 induces a remarkable structure in R 3 , which in turn illuminates the topology of the bundle ( Lyons 2003 ).
A horosphere within the Poincaré disk model tangent to the edges of a hexagonal tiling cell of a hexagonal tiling honeycomb Apollonian sphere packing can be seen as showing horospheres that are tangent to an outer sphere of a Poincaré disk model. In hyperbolic geometry, a horosphere (or parasphere) is a specific hypersurface in hyperbolic n ...
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the Poincaré conjecture (UK: / ˈ p w æ̃ k ær eɪ /, [2] US: / ˌ p w æ̃ k ɑː ˈ r eɪ /, [3] [4] French: [pwɛ̃kaʁe]) is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere, which is the hypersphere that bounds the unit ball in four-dimensional space.
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The points of n-dimensional elliptic space are the pairs of unit vectors (x, −x) in R n+1, that is, pairs of antipodal points on the surface of the unit ball in (n + 1)-dimensional space (the n-dimensional hypersphere). Lines in this model are great circles, i.e., intersections of the hypersphere with flat hypersurfaces of dimension n passing ...