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The English pronouns form a relatively small category of words in Modern English whose primary semantic function is that of a pro-form for a noun phrase. [1] Traditional grammars consider them to be a distinct part of speech, while most modern grammars see them as a subcategory of noun, contrasting with common and proper nouns.
A regular English verb has only one principal part, from which all the forms of the verb can be derived.This is the base form or dictionary form.For example, from the base form exist, all the inflected forms of the verb (exist, exists, existed, existing) can be predictably derived.
A verb together with its dependents, excluding its subject, may be identified as a verb phrase (although this concept is not acknowledged in all theories of grammar [23]). A verb phrase headed by a finite verb may also be called a predicate. The dependents may be objects, complements, and modifiers (adverbs or adverbial phrases).
Active–stative (or simply active): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb can be in one of two cases; if the argument is an agent, as in "He ate", then it is in the same case as the agent (subject) of a transitive verb (sometimes called the agentive case), and if it is a patient, as in "He tripped", then it is in the same case as the ...
pig -ja - 1. POSS -naka - PL -taki - BEN -w(a) - DECL khuchi -ja -naka -taki -w(a) pig -1.POSS -PL -BEN -DECL 'for my pigs' Benefactive meaning may also be marked on the verb, in a common type of applicative voice. Autobenefactive An autobenefactive case or voice marks a case where the agents and the benefactor are one and the same. In Rhinelandic colloquial German, one finds expressions like ...
A pro-verb substitutes a verb or a verb phrase: do, as in: "I will go to the party if you do". A pro-sentence substitutes an entire sentence or subsentence: Yes, or that as in "That is true". [2] An interrogative pro-form is a pro-form that denotes the (unknown) item in question and may itself fall into any of the above categories.
According to Chomsky, a speaker's grammaticality judgement is based on two factors: . A native speaker's linguistic competence, which is the knowledge that they have of their language, allows them to easily judge whether a sentence is grammatical or ungrammatical based on intuitive introspection.
Case attraction is the process by which a relative pronoun takes on (is "attracted to") the case of its antecedent rather than having the case appropriate to its function in the relative clause. For example, in the following English sentence, the relative pronoun has the appropriate case, the accusative: This is the boss of the man whom I met ...