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A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine or boxer engine, [1] is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine, each pair of opposed pistons moves inwards and outwards at the same time.
The company also produced boxer-six engines from 1988 to 1996 and 2001–2019. [16] In 2008, the Subaru EE engine became the world's first passenger car diesel boxer engine. This engine is a turbocharged boxer-four with common rail fuel injection. [4] [17] [18] [19] Ferrari used flat-twelve engines for various Formula One cars in the 1970s.
The crankshaft configuration varies amongst opposed-engine designs. One layout has a flat/boxer engine at its center and adds an additional opposed-piston to each end so there are two pistons per cylinder on each side. An X engine is essentially two V engines joined by a common crankshaft. A majority of these were existing V-12 engines ...
The configuration of the engine and the horizontally opposed cylinder layout classifies them as boxer, opposed cylinder, horizontal or flat engines. They are different from an Opposed piston engine where the engine has two crankshafts and no cylinder head, as used in the Junkers Jumo 205 , whereas boxer-style engines have one crankshaft and two ...
The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline-fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium-alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods.
The Porsche flat-six engine series is a line of mechanically similar, naturally aspirated and sometimes turbocharged, flat-six boxer engines, produced by Porsche for almost 60 consecutive years, since 1963. [8] [9] The engine is an evolution of the flat-four boxer used in the original Volkswagen Beetle. [10] [11] [12
The FB16 direct injection turbocharged (DIT) engine is the first FB-series engine with a turbocharger, and includes direct injection with an auto stop/start system. It is the base engine in the first-generation (2014–20 model years) Subaru Levorg. The Levorg also has an option for a 2.0 litre direct injection turbo engine, the FA20F.
The most common type of flat-twin engine is the boxer-twin engine, where both pistons move inwards and outwards at the same time. The flat-twin design was patented by Karl Benz in 1896 and the first production flat-twin engine was used in the Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton car released in 1900.