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The aim of Watson and Rayner was to condition a phobia in an emotionally stable child. [3] For this study, they chose a nine-month-old infant from a hospital. The child was referred to as "Albert" for the experiment. [4] Watson followed the procedures which Ivan Pavlov had used in his experiments with dogs. [5]
In 1920 John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrated such fear conditioning in the Little Albert experiment.They started with a 9-month boy called "Albert", who was unemotional but was made to cry by the loud noise (unconditioned stimulus) of a hammer striking a steel bar.
Watson found that once the rat was well trained, it performed almost automatically on reflex. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Upon learning the maze over time, they started to run faster through each length and turn. By the stimulus of the maze, their behavior became a series of associated movements, or kinaesthetic consequences instead of stimulus from the ...
Rosalie Alberta Rayner (September 25, 1898 – June 18, 1935) was an undergraduate psychology student, then research assistant (and later wife) of Johns Hopkins University psychology professor John B. Watson, with whom she carried out the study of a baby later known as "Little Albert." In the 1920s, she published essays and co-authored articles ...
A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Methodologically, the learning sciences differs from other fields in educational research. It focuses on the study of learners, their localities, and their communities. The design-based research methodology is often used by learning scientists in their inquiries because this methodological framework considers the subject of study to be a complex system involving emergent properties that arise ...
The design phase deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning, and media selection. The design phase should be systematic and specific. Systematic means a logical, orderly method that identifies, develops, and evaluates a set of planned strategies for attaining project goals.
The philosophy behind the RITE method is described as: "1) once you find a problem, solve it as soon as you can, and 2) make the decision makers part of the research team." [5] In this way it is a bridge between a strict research method and a design method...and in many ways it represents a participatory design method. Since its official ...