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For some types of cancer, young adults may have better outcomes if treated with pediatric, rather than adult, treatment regimens. Young adults who have a cancer that typically occurs in children and adolescents, such as brain tumors, leukemia, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma, may fare better if treated by a pediatric oncologist.
Absence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes is a good indication that the cancer has not spread systemically. Presence of cancer in the lymph nodes indicates the cancer may have spread. In studies, some women have had presence of cancer in the lymph nodes, were not treated with chemotherapy, and still did not have a systemic spread. Therefore ...
Routine screening is not recommended for bladder cancer, [171] testicular cancer, [172] ovarian cancer, [173] pancreatic cancer, [174] or prostate cancer. [ 175 ] Recommends mammography for breast cancer screening every two years from ages 50–74, but does not recommend either breast self-examination or clinical breast examination . [ 176 ]
Cancer diagnoses in adults under 50, while increasing, are still rare, and U.S. cancer deaths have been declining thanks to fewer people smoking tobacco and better treatment.
Reflect the stage of cancer; By determining the stage of cancer, it's possible to give a prognosis and treatment plan. [3] Screening for cancers; No screening test is wholly specific, and a high level of tumor marker can still be found in benign tumors. The only tumor marker currently used in screening is PSA (prostate-specific antigen ...
Treatment that is specific to the suspected type of cancer is likely to be more effective. Still, when diagnostic tests have not identified the primary site, doctors must decide whether the potential benefits of more extensive testing outweigh a patient's discomfort, possible complications, and the financial costs. [medical citation needed]
Where surgery was previously the only option for treatment, cancer is now treated with radiation and chemotherapy, including combination chemotherapy that favors treatment with many drugs over just one. [17] Availability and access to clinical trials has also led to more targeted therapy and improved knowledge of treatment efficacy.
The impact of early cancer detection and the treatment outcomes vary, as there are instances where even with available treatment, early detection may not enhance the overall survival. If the cancer screening does not change the treatment outcome, the screening only prolongs the time the individual lived with the knowledge of their cancer diagnosis.