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The Ruthenian nobility (Ukrainian: Руська шляхта, romanized: Ruska shlyakhta; Belarusian: Руская шляхта, romanized: Ruskaja šlachta; Polish: szlachta ruska) originated in the territories of Kievan Rus' and Galicia–Volhynia, which were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later the Russian and Austrian Empires.
Ruthenians of Kholm in 1861.Ruthenians of Podlachia in the second half of the 19th century.. In the interbellum period of the 20th century, the term rusyn (Ruthenian) was also applied to people from the Kresy Wschodnie (the eastern borderlands) in the Second Polish Republic, and included Ukrainians, Rusyns, and Lemkos, or alternatively, members of the Uniate or Greek Catholic Churches.
According to mainstream Ukrainian historiography, the western Ukrainian nobility developed out of a mixture of three groups of people: poor Rus' boyars (East Slavic aristocrats from the medieval era), descendants of princely retainers or druzhina (free soldiers in the service of the Rus' princes), and peasants who had been free during the times of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia. [5]
The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, [a] also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia or Kingdom of Rus, [2] [b] also Kingdom of Halych–Volhynian [c] was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.
Ruthenian lion, which was used as a representative coat of arms of Ruthenia during the Council of Constance in the 15th century In Kievan Rus', the name Rus' , or Rus'ka zemlia (land of Rus'), described the lands between Kiev , Chernihiv and Pereyaslav , corresponding to the tribe of Polanians , which started to identify themself as Rus ...
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King of Ruthenia, King of Rus', King of Galicia and Lodomeria, Lord and Heir of Ruthenian Lands (Latin: Rex Rusiae, Rex Ruthenorum, Rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae, Terrae Russiae Dominus et Heres; Ukrainian: Король Русі, король Галичини і Володимирії, князь і володар Всієї Землі Руської, romanized: Korol Rusi, korol Halychyny i ...
After Polish–Lithuanian unions, aristocratic titles of the Lithuanian nobility and Ruthenian nobility (Polish: kniaź, Ruthenian: knyaz, Lithuanian: kunigaikštis) were preserved. The title książę was used to translate foreign titles of prince or duke. Polish magnates readily accepted the foreign aristocratic titles.