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  2. Lazy loading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_loading

    Lazy loading (also known as asynchronous loading) is a technique used in computer programming, especially web design and web development, to defer initialization of an object until it is needed. It can contribute to efficiency in the program's operation if properly and appropriately used.

  3. Link prefetching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_prefetching

    This speeds up both the loading and rendering of web pages. Prefetching was first introduced in HTML5. Prefetching is accomplished through hints in web pages. These hints are used by the browser to prefetch links. Resources which can be prefetched include: JavaScript, CSS, image, audio, video, and web fonts.

  4. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed. It is a kind of lazy evaluation that refers specifically to the instantiation of objects or other resources.

  5. CSS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS

    To demonstrate specificity Inheritance Inheritance is a key feature in CSS; it relies on the ancestor-descendant relationship to operate. Inheritance is the mechanism by which properties are applied not only to a specified element but also to its descendants. Inheritance relies on the document tree, which is the hierarchy of XHTML elements in a page based on nesting. Descendant elements may ...

  6. Single-page application - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-page_application

    In a SPA, a page refresh never occurs; instead, all necessary HTML, JavaScript, and CSS code is either retrieved by the browser with a single page load, [1] or the appropriate resources are dynamically loaded and added to the page as necessary, usually in response to user actions.

  7. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

    A singleton implementation may use lazy initialization in which the instance is created when the static method is first invoked. In multithreaded programs, this can cause race conditions that result in the creation of multiple instances. The following Java 5+ example [6] is a thread-safe implementation, using lazy initialization with double ...

  8. Front-end web development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-end_web_development

    JavaScript is an event-based imperative programming language (as opposed to HTML's declarative language model) that is used to transform a static HTML page into a dynamic interface. JavaScript code can use the Document Object Model (DOM), provided by the HTML standard, to manipulate a web page in response to events, like user input.

  9. JavaScript - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 February 2025. High-level programming language Not to be confused with Java (programming language), Javanese script, or ECMAScript. JavaScript Screenshot of JavaScript source code Paradigm Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented Designed by Brendan Eich of ...