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Purkinje cells or Purkinje neurons, named for Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně who identified them in 1837, [2] are a unique type of prominent, large neuron located in the cerebellar cortex of the brain.
As they run along, the parallel fibers pass through the dendritic trees of Purkinje cells, contacting one of every 3–5 that they pass, making a total of 80–100 synaptic connections with Purkinje cell dendritic spines. [1] Granule cells use glutamate as their neurotransmitter, and therefore exert excitatory effects on their targets.
Climbing fibers are the name given to a series of neuronal projections from the inferior olivary nucleus located in the medulla oblongata. [1] [2] These axons pass through the pons and enter the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle where they form synapses with the deep cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells. Each climbing fiber will ...
One exception is that fibers from the flocculonodular lobe synapse directly on vestibular nuclei without first passing through the deep cerebellar nuclei. The vestibular nuclei in the brainstem are analogous structures to the deep nuclei, since they receive both mossy fiber and Purkinje cell inputs. [2]
Drawing of Purkinje cells (A) and granule cells (B) from pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899.Instituto Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. The name granule cell has been used for a number of different types of neurons whose only common feature is that they all have very small cell bodies.
This period is an important developmental stage of the cerebellum. The expansion of the EGL precursor cells creates a large population of neurons that outnumber Purkinje cells 250:1 in the adult cerebellar cortex. [6] The granule neurons in EGL express genes that play a specific and crucial role in cell proliferation.
Many stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. [1] Most common stellate cells are the inhibitory interneurons found within the upper half of the molecular layer in the cerebellum. These cells synapse onto the dendritic trees of Purkinje cells and send inhibitory signals. [2] Stellate cells are ...
The NeuN/Fox-3 antibody binds to the small cerebellum granule cell neurons, which form a prominent layer. In contrast antibody to the close relative of NeuN/Fox-3, Fox-2, is shown in red. Fox-2 antibody stains Purkinje neurons and Golgi cell which are not recognized by the NeuN/Fox-3 antibody. The Purkinje cells form a layer above the much more ...