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Abel's summation formula can be generalized to the case where is only assumed to be continuous if the integral is interpreted as a Riemann–Stieltjes integral: ∑ x < n ≤ y a n ϕ ( n ) = A ( y ) ϕ ( y ) − A ( x ) ϕ ( x ) − ∫ x y A ( u ) d ϕ ( u ) . {\displaystyle \sum _{x<n\leq y}a_{n}\phi (n)=A(y)\phi (y)-A(x)\phi (x)-\int _{x ...
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
The sum is taken over all combinations of nonnegative integer indices k 1 through k m such that the sum of all k i is n. That is, for each term in the expansion, the exponents of the x i must add up to n. [2] [a] In the case m = 2, this statement reduces to that of the binomial theorem. [2]
For example, many summation methods are used in mathematics to assign numerical values even to a divergent series. In particular, the methods of zeta function regularization and Ramanujan summation assign the series a value of − + 1 / 12 , which is expressed by a famous formula: [2] + + + + =,
The formula for an integration by parts is () ′ = [() ()] ′ (). Beside the boundary conditions , we notice that the first integral contains two multiplied functions, one which is integrated in the final integral ( g ′ {\displaystyle g'} becomes g {\displaystyle g} ) and one which is differentiated ( f {\displaystyle f} becomes f ...
For example, consider the sum: 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 = 40 {\displaystyle 2+5+8+11+14=40} This sum can be found quickly by taking the number n of terms being added (here 5), multiplying by the sum of the first and last number in the progression (here 2 + 14 = 16), and dividing by 2:
Semi-convergent series were studied by Poisson (1823), who also gave a general form for the remainder of the Maclaurin formula. The most important solution of the problem is due, however, to Jacobi (1834), who attacked the question of the remainder from a different standpoint and reached a different formula.