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  2. Ranking (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking_(statistics)

    In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted. For example, the ranks of the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are 2, 3, 1, 4. As another example, the ordinal data hot, cold, warm would be replaced by 3, 1, 2.

  3. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    For example, multiplication is granted a higher precedence than addition, and it has been this way since the introduction of modern algebraic notation. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Thus, in the expression 1 + 2 × 3 , the multiplication is performed before addition, and the expression has the value 1 + (2 × 3) = 7 , and not (1 + 2) × 3 = 9 .

  4. Condition number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condition_number

    Condition numbers can also be defined for nonlinear functions, and can be computed using calculus.The condition number varies with the point; in some cases one can use the maximum (or supremum) condition number over the domain of the function or domain of the question as an overall condition number, while in other cases the condition number at a particular point is of more interest.

  5. Spreadsheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheet

    Formulas in the B column multiply values from the A column using relative references, and the formula in B4 uses the SUM() function to find the sum of values in the B1:B3 range. A formula identifies the calculation needed to place the result in the cell it is contained within. A cell containing a formula, therefore, has two display components ...

  6. Discounted cumulative gain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cumulative_gain

    For example, if a query returns two results with scores 1,1,1 and 1,1,1,1,1 respectively, both would be considered equally good, assuming ideal DCG is computed to rank 3 for the former and rank 5 for the latter. One way to take into account this limitation is to enforce a fixed set size for the result set and use minimum scores for the missing ...

  7. Bradley–Terry model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley–Terry_model

    The model is named after Ralph A. Bradley and Milton E. Terry, [3] who presented it in 1952, [4] although it had already been studied by Ernst Zermelo in the 1920s. [1] [5] [6] Applications of the model include the ranking of competitors in sports, chess, and other competitions, [7] the ranking of products in paired comparison surveys of consumer choice, analysis of dominance hierarchies ...

  8. Ranking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking

    In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted. For example, the ranks of the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are 2, 3, 1, 4. As another example, the ordinal data hot, cold, warm would be replaced by 3, 1, 2.

  9. Multiple comparisons problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_comparisons_problem

    For example, if one test is performed at the 5% level and the corresponding null hypothesis is true, there is only a 5% risk of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis. However, if 100 tests are each conducted at the 5% level and all corresponding null hypotheses are true, the expected number of incorrect rejections (also known as false ...