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Astronaut falling into a black hole (schematic illustration of the spaghettification effect) Tidal forces acting on a spherical body in a non-homogeneous gravitational field. In this diagram, the gravitational force originates from a source to the right.
A tidal disruption event (TDE) is a transient astronomical source produced when a star passes so close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) that it is pulled apart by the black hole's tidal force. [2] [3] The star undergoes spaghettification, producing a tidal stream of material that loops around the black hole.
First, the tidal forces in the vicinity of the event horizon are significantly weaker for supermassive black holes. The tidal force on a body at a black hole's event horizon is inversely proportional to the square of the black hole's mass: [13] a person at the event horizon of a 10 million M ☉ black hole experiences about the same tidal force ...
Figure 1: Tidal interaction between the spiral galaxy NGC 169 and a smaller companion [1]. The tidal force or tide-generating force is the difference in gravitational attraction between different points in a gravitational field, causing bodies to be pulled unevenly and as a result are being stretched towards the attraction.
The Hills mechanism [1] is a phenomenon that occurs when a binary star system is disrupted by a supermassive black hole. Tidal forces from the black hole cause one of the stars to be captured by it, and fall into an orbit around it. The other star is thrown away from the black hole at very high speeds.
It involves a star with a sun-like mass and a black hole with a mass of around 10 6 solar masses. The TDE appears very young and increasing in brightness. The encounter tore away half of the mass of the star and threw debris at a speed of 10,000 km/s, comparable to that observed in supernova explosions. [4] [1]
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Several things can cause the loss of energy including tidal forces, mass transfer, and gravitational radiation. The stars describe the path of a spiral as they approach each other. This sometimes results in a merger of the two stars or the creation of a black hole. In the latter case, the last several revolutions of the stars around each other ...