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The siege and the conquest of Jerusalem were a disaster for the Hasmonean Kingdom. Pompey reinstated Hyrcanus II as the High Priest but stripped him of his royal title. However, Rome later recognised him as an ethnarch in 47 BC. [17] Judea remained autonomous but was obliged to pay tribute and became dependent on the Roman administration in Syria.
The Romans set the structure ablaze, and all perished. [156] [157] Josephus attributes the tragedy to "false prophets" who urged people to ascend the Temple Mount, claiming it would bring salvation. [156] The Romans then moved to systematically destroy the rest of the Temple Mount, [158] razing the remaining porticoes, treasuries, and gates.
Jews were also exempted from military service and the provision of Roman troops. [10] Contrary to what Josephus wants his readers to believe, the Jews did not have the status of religio licita (permitted religion) as this status did not exist in the Roman empire, nor were all Roman decrees concerning the Jews positive. Instead, the regulations ...
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. [10] The conflict primarily encompasses two major uprisings: the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), both driven by Jewish aspirations to restore the political ...
Supported by Antony, he was proclaimed "King of the Jews" [6] by the Roman Senate and returned to Judea to claim the throne. [5] [7] Between 39 and 38 BC, the Roman general Publius Ventidius Bassus defeated the Parthian army, [8] [9] sending troops under the command of Poppaedius Silo to await the arrival of Herod. [9]
The Hasmoneans, while of the priestly line , were seen by some as usurpers, did not descend from Zadok, and had taken the office originally only via a deal with a Seleucid king. As such, the book emphasizes that the Hasmoneans' actions were in line with heroes of older scripture; they were God's new chosen and righteous rulers.
For they were such as had come back from the city of Pella to Jerusalem and were living there and teaching. For when the city was about to be taken and destroyed by the Romans, it was revealed in advance to all the disciples by an angel of God that they should remove from the city, as it was going to be completely destroyed.
The cause of the late Roman Republican civil wars is contested, as is whether the wars were the cause of, or caused by, the end of the Roman Republic. [ 1 ] : 2–3 Regardless, a nearly constant stream of civil wars marked the end of the Roman Republic and heralded the rise of the Roman Empire in 27 BC.