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The Silk Road [a] was a network of Asian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. [1] Spanning over 6,400 km (4,000 mi), it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds.
The history of the Uyghur people extends over more than two millennia and can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.
He writes: "Now the true account of the road in question is the following: Royal stations exist along its whole length, and excellent caravanserais; and throughout, it traverses an inhabited tract, and is free from danger." [28] The later Byzantine Empire also maintained staging posts along its major roads.
Studies in the economic history of the Middle East: from the rise of Islam to the present day. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-19-713561-7. (A collection of essay on various topics roughly organized by historical period.) William Montgomery Watt; Pierre Cachia (1996). A history of Islamic Spain. Edinburgh University Press.
The city of Bukhara, now the capital of the Bukhara Region of Uzbekistan, is located on the Silk Road and has long been a centre of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. During the Golden age of Islam , under the rule of Samanids , Bukhara became the intellectual centre of the Islamic world .
Situated at altitudes of 2,000–2,200 m (6,600–7,200 ft), the city was a center of iron mining and production, through which it was connected to the Silk Road trading networks. Tugunbulak's remains occupy an area of approximately 120 ha (300 acres), making it medieval Central Asia's largest known high-altitude urban center. [1]
Bukhara lies west of Samarkand and was previously a focal point of learning eminent all through the Persian and the Islamic world. It is the old neighborhood of the incomparable Sheik Naqshbandi. He was a focal figure in the advancement of the mysterious Sufi way to deal with theory, religion and Islam. [20]
The city was a fully fortified commercial center, typical along the Silk Road, with concentric walls and lookout towers, stables, military and commercial stores, and administrative buildings. Certain areas of the town were allotted for trade and handcrafts, while in the center of the town were palaces and temples, including a monastery.