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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). They are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and bacteria (containing the inhibitor acarbose ).
This inhibition lowers the rate of glucose absorption through delayed carbohydrate digestion and extended digestion time. Acarbose may be able to prevent the development of diabetic symptoms. [20] Hence, α-glucosidase inhibitors (like acarbose) are used as anti-diabetic drugs in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs.
Sotagliflozin (Inpefa) is a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2023, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with heart failure or type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy were already off to fast starts because of their ability to help treat Type 2 diabetes and improve weight loss for millions of Americans. ... Beyond glucose control ...
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood.With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
For an example, the SGLT inhibitors are not associated with gastrointestinal adverse events and the bioavailability is much greater. [4] [12] [13] Inhibition of SGLT-2 results as better control of glucose level, lower insulin, lower blood pressure and uric acid levels and augments calorie wasting. Some data supports the hypothesis that SGLT-2 ...
In enzymology, aldose reductase (or aldehyde reductase) (EC 1.1.1.21) is an enzyme in humans encoded by the gene AKR1B1.It is an cytosolic NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of a variety of aldehydes and carbonyls, including monosaccharides, and primarily known for catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol, the first step in polyol pathway of glucose metabolism.
Inhibition of these enzyme systems reduces the rate of digestion of complex carbohydrates. Less glucose is absorbed because the carbohydrates are not broken down into glucose molecules. In diabetic patients, the short-term effect of these drug therapies is to decrease current blood glucose levels; the long-term effect is a reduction in HbA 1c ...