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The Cold War fueled a closely followed development of launch systems by the two states, resulting in the so-called Space Race and its later phase the Moon Race, accelerating efforts and interest in exploration of the Moon. First view of the far side of the Moon, taken by Luna 3, October 7, 1959.
The largest of these may have a hydrostatic-equilibrium shape, but most are irregular. Most of the trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) listed with a radius smaller than 200 km have " assumed sizes based on a generic albedo of 0.09" since they are too far away to directly measure their sizes with existing instruments.
The IAU definitions of planet and dwarf planet require that a Sun-orbiting astronomical body has undergone the rounding process to reach a roughly spherical shape, an achievement known as hydrostatic equilibrium. The same spheroidal shape can be seen on smaller rocky planets like Mars to gas giants like Jupiter.
Moon Mimas and Ida, an asteroid with its own moon, Dactyl; Comet Lovejoy and Jupiter, a giant gas planet; The Sun; Sirius A with Sirius B, a white dwarf; the Crab Nebula, a remnant supernova; A black hole (artist concept); Vela Pulsar, a rotating neutron star; M80, a globular cluster, and the Pleiades, an open star cluster
The European part of the mission became the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE). [133] The Russian Space Research Institute proposed a Ganymede lander astrobiology mission called Laplace-P, [134] possibly in partnership with JUICE. [134] [135] If selected, it would have been launched in 2023. The mission was cancelled due to a lack of funding in ...
The Egg galaxy, also named for its shape, is formally called NGC 2937. It is a compact elliptical-shaped galaxy. Together, their appearance is suggestive of a penguin guarding its egg.
The physical universe is defined as all of space and time [a] (collectively referred to as spacetime) and their contents. [10] Such contents comprise all of energy in its various forms, including electromagnetic radiation and matter, and therefore planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space.
Cislunar space is a region outside of Earth that includes lunar orbits, the Moon's orbital space around Earth and the Earth-Moon Lagrange points. [ 104 ] The region where a body's gravitational potential remains dominant against gravitational potentials from other bodies, is the body's sphere of influence or gravity well, mostly described with ...