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Historical illustration of Sphagnum reproductive structures: (C) mature sporophyte showing capsule and pseudopodium; (A) longitudinal section of developing archegonium; (B) cross-section of mature capsule showing spore chamber and air space. Sphagnum squarrosum is a monoicious species (having both male and female reproductive organs on the same ...
Sporophytes are raised on stalks to facilitate spore dispersal, but unlike other mosses, Sphagnum stalks are produced by the maternal gametophyte. Tetrahedral haploid spores are produced in the sporophyte by meiosis, which are then dispersed when the capsule explosively discharges its cap, called an operculum , and shoots the spores some distance.
Sphagnum fimbriatum ranges from small and slender to moderately robust in size. [9] The plant lacks metallic lustre when dry, and its colour varies from bright green to yellowish-brown or brown. [8] Individual stems typically reach 80–120 mm (3.1–4.7 in) in length, with plants becoming notably larger and more compact in Arctic regions. [2]
Sphagnum palustre. Sphagnum palustre forms firm plants up to 25 centimeter height. The plants are often light green to light brown with stem diameters of 0.6 to 1.2 millimeters. The epidermis (Hyalodermis) of the stem is built in three layers and their cells form 1 to 3 seldom more pores and contain much spiral fibers. The branches are tufted ...
A spore print is made by placing the spore-producing surface flat on a sheet of dark and white paper or on a sheet of clear, stiff plastic, which facilitates moving the spore print to a darker or lighter surface for improved contrast; for example, it is easier to determine whether the spore print is pure white or, rather, very slightly pigmented.
A diaspore of seed plus elaiosome is a common adaptation to seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory). This is most notable in Australian and South African sclerophyll plant communities. [ 1 ] Typically, ants carry the diaspore to their nest, where they may eat the elaiosome and discard the seed, and the seed may subsequently germinate .
Sphagnum angustifolium, the fine bogmoss, [2] is a species of peat moss with a Holarctic distribution. A member of the S. recurvum species complex within Sphagnum section Cuspidata, it is a relatively small, green to yellowish moss that grows in wet, moderately nutrient-rich mires, typically forming carpets or growing intermixed with other peat moss species.
In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae, it may take the form of depression into the thallus. In ferns, the sori form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond.