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The Certified Automotive Parts Association (CAPA) is a non-profit certification organization established in 1987 to develop and oversee a testing program for aftermarket automotive parts. [1] CAPA was created by automobile insurance companies. It was created to control the market on parts used by insurance company contracted collision shops.
Eight Disciplines Methodology (8D) is a method or model developed at Ford Motor Company used to approach and to resolve problems, typically employed by quality engineers or other professionals. Focused on product and process improvement, its purpose is to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems. [ 1 ]
Standard battery nomenclature describes portable dry cell batteries that have physical dimensions and electrical characteristics interchangeable between manufacturers. The long history of disposable dry cells means that many manufacturer-specific and national standards were used to designate sizes, long before international standards were reached.
Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here. [64]
An N battery (or N cell) is a standard size of dry-cell battery. An N battery is cylindrical with electrical contacts on each end; the positive end has a bump on the top. The battery has a length of 30.2 mm (1.19 in) and a diameter of 12.0 mm (0.47 in), and is approximately three-fifths the length of a AA battery.
The amount of energy or power that a battery can release is dependent on factors including the battery cell's voltage, capacity and chemical composition. A battery can maximize its energy output levels by: Increasing chemical potential difference between the two electrodes [9] Reducing the mass of reactants [9]
Batteries designed for use inside a portable uninterruptible power supply (UPS) typically use Faston tabs, often with an adapter cable between those and the UPS's internal battery connectors. Larger external battery packs use a variety of connectors, including the Anderson Powerpole MultiPole series (as used by Tripp Lite ), which are color ...
A23 batteries are constructed of eight individual LR932 alkaline button cells enclosed in a wrapper. The A23 battery is close in size to the N battery , which has a voltage of 1.25 V to 1.5 V. It is also similar to the A27 battery , which has the same 12 V nominal voltage and almost the same length but is smaller in diameter by about 20%.