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  2. Proportionality (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(law)

    Proportionality is a general principle in law which covers several separate (although related) concepts: . The concept of proportionality is used as a criterion of fairness and justice in statutory interpretation processes, especially in constitutional law, as a logical method intended to assist in discerning the correct balance between the restriction imposed by a corrective measure and the ...

  3. Schulpflicht - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulpflicht

    Royal decree introducing compulsory schooling in Prussia, 1717 Participation in school trips is also compulsory for school-aged children in Germany. [1]The (Allgemeine) Schulpflicht (English: (General) Compulsory Schooling) is a statutory regulation in Germany that obliges children and adolescents up to a certain age (which is 18 in all federal states [2]) to attend a school.

  4. List of primary education systems by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_primary_education...

    In school year 2009-2010, Vietnam had 15,172 primary schools and 611 combined primary and lower secondary schools. The total enrollment was 7.02 million pupils, of whom 46% were girls. [10] The renovated primary education curriculum in Vietnam is divided into two phases as follows:

  5. Education in Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Germany

    Sign of different coexisting school types on a school complex in Germany. Education in Germany is primarily the responsibility of individual German states (Länder), with the federal government only playing a minor role. While kindergarten (nursery school) is optional, formal education is compulsory for all children from the age of 6-7. Details ...

  6. Education in East Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_East_Germany

    Education in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was a socialist education system and was compulsory from age 6 until age 16. State-run schools included crèches, kindergartens, polytechnic schools, extended secondary schools, vocational training, and universities.

  7. Retributive justice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retributive_justice

    Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.As opposed to revenge, retribution—and thus retributive justice—is not personal, is directed only at wrongdoing, has inherent limits, involves no pleasure at the suffering of others (i.e., schadenfreude, sadism), and employs procedural standards.

  8. Migration law gamble backfires for Germany's conservative ...

    www.aol.com/news/migration-law-gamble-backfires...

    Friedrich Merz, hitherto favourite to become Germany's next chancellor, suffered a blow three weeks before a national election on Friday when 12 of his own legislators refused to support him in ...

  9. Prussian education system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_education_system

    Herbst, Jurgen. "Nineteenth‐Century Schools between Community and State: The Cases of Prussia and the United States." History of Education Quarterly 42.3 (2002): 317–341. McClelland, Charles E. State, society, and university in Germany: 1700-1914 (1980) McClelland, Charles E. Berlin, the Mother of All Research Universities: 1860–1918 (2016)