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Various fringe theories have arisen to speculate about purported alternative origins for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with claims ranging from it being due to accidental exposure to supposedly purposeful acts. Several inquiries and investigations have been carried out as a result, and ...
Duesberg's claim that recreational drug use, rather than HIV, was the cause of AIDS has been specifically examined and found to be false. Cohort studies have found that only HIV-positive drug users develop opportunistic infections; HIV-negative drug users do not develop such infections, indicating that HIV rather than drug use is the cause of AIDS.
The Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis (OPV AIDS) is a now-discredited hypothesis which argued the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures, accidentally contaminated with simian immunodeficiency virus and then administered to up to one million Africans between 1957 and 1960 in experimental mass vaccination campaigns.
Several of the theories of HIV origin accept the established knowledge of the HIV/SIV phylogenetic relationships, and also accept that bushmeat practice was the most likely cause of the initial transfer to humans. All of them propose that the simultaneous epidemic emergences of four HIV groups in the late 19th-early 20th century, and the lack ...
Questionnaire- and interview-based scales, by contrast, ask for the respondent's typical behavior. [3] Symptom and attitude tests are more often called scales. A useful psychological test/scale must be both valid , i.e., show evidence that the test or scale measures what it is purported to measure, [ 1 ] [ 4 ] ) and reliable , i.e., show ...
Alternative factors may predict health behavior, such as outcome expectancy [24] (i.e., whether the person feels they will be healthier as a result of their behavior) and self-efficacy [25] (i.e., the person's belief in their ability to carry out preventive behavior). The theoretical constructs that constitute the HBM are broadly defined. [4]
Protection motivation theory (PMT) was originally created to help understand individual human responses to fear appeals. Protection motivation theory proposes that people protect themselves based on two factors: threat appraisal and coping appraisal.
The reasoned action approach (RAA) is an integrative framework for the prediction (and change) of human social behavior.The reasoned action approach states that attitudes towards the behavior, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control determine people's intentions, while people's intentions predict their behaviors.