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Chloroquine (CQ) then becomes protonated (to CQ 2+), as the digestive vacuole is known to be acidic (pH 4.7); chloroquine then cannot leave by diffusion. Chloroquine caps hemozoin molecules to prevent further biocrystallization of heme, thus leading to heme buildup. Chloroquine binds to heme (or FP) to form the FP-chloroquine complex; this ...
It is now suggested that it is used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to extend its effective usage. Popular drugs based on chloroquine phosphate (also called nivaquine) are Chloroquine FNA, Resochin and Dawaquin. Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinolone compound with a complicated
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses.In this technique, a thin (23–25 gauge (0.52 to 0.64 mm outer diameter)), hollow needle is inserted into the mass for sampling of cells that, after being stained, are examined under a microscope ().
FNA: fine-needle aspiration: FNAB: fine-needle aspiration biopsy: FNAC: fine-needle aspiration cytology: FNC: full nursing care: FND: Functional neurologic disorder: FNH: focal nodular hyperplasia: FOB: Foot of Bed, father of baby, Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy FOBT: fecal occult blood test: FOF: found on floor (patient fell out of bed) FOP ...
Examples include amodiaquine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. [3] Other uses for the derivatives are: anti-asthmatic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. [1] A patent application for 4-aminoquinoline compounds was filed in 2002 and published in 2005. [4]
It is approved in the United States as a treatment and preventive measure against malaria. [6] The combination is considered to be more effective in treating malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum than that caused by P. vivax, for which chloroquine is considered more effective, though in the absence of a species-specific diagnosis, the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination may be indicated. [7]
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
[5] [6] By that time, chloroquine manufacturing processes had been established to allow its widespread use. [ 7 ] 4,7-Dichloroquinoline has also been prepared by the Gould–Jacobs reaction using an alternative method of constructing the pyridine ring from 3-chloroaniline.