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With a proximity fuze, the shell or missile need only pass close by the target at some time during its flight. The proximity fuze makes the problem simpler than the previous methods. Proximity fuzes are also useful for producing air bursts against ground targets. A contact fuze would explode when it hit the ground; it would not be very ...
Mk 53 Proximity fuze for an artillery shell, circa 1945. The benefits of a fuze that functioned when it detected a target in proximity are obvious, particularly for use against aircraft. The first such fuze seems to have been developed by the British in the 1930s for use with their anti-aircraft 'unrotated projectiles' – rockets.
A magnetic proximity fuse was patented by P.J. Eliomarkakis, (United States Patent US2434551 of January 13, 1948) [1] although similar devices had been in service for nearly a decade. It is a type of proximity fuze that initiates a detonator in a piece of ordnance such as a land mine , naval mine , depth charge , or shell when the fuse's ...
M734 fuze cross section Amplifier (top) and oscillator. The M734 multi-option fuze [1] is a rangefinder and collision detection system used on 60 mm, 81 mm, and 120 mm mortar shells as a trigger to detonate the shells at the most damaging heights of burst when combating four types of battlefield threats:
The M982 Excalibur was fielded as a guided shell that effectively hit within 6 m (20 ft) of a target, but the Army developed the XM1156 as a cheaper alternative. The PGK fuse can be screwed onto existing M549A1 and M795 projectiles, be fired from M109A6 Paladin and M777A2 Howitzer artillery systems, and hits within 50 m (160 ft) of the target ...
The proximity fuze was a small device on an artillery shell that would detonate the shell when close to the target, without requiring a difficult direct hit. [3] Previously fuzes had releid on a time or altitude setting in the fuze and an estimated target height close enough that the shrapnel cloud would impact the target.
The M982 Excalibur (previously XM982) is a 155 mm extended-range guided artillery shell developed in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC). [5]
A blast wave reflecting from a surface and forming a mach stem. The air burst is usually 100 to 1,000 m (330 to 3,280 ft) above the hypocenter to allow the shockwave of the fission or fusion driven explosion to bounce off the ground and back into itself, combining two wave fronts and creating a shockwave that is more forceful than the one resulting from a detonation at ground level.