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2. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_germicidal...

   The UV lamps for water treatment consist of specialized low-pressure mercury-vapor lamps that produce ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm, or medium-pressure UV lamps that produce a polychromatic output from 200 nm to visible and infrared energy. The UV lamp never contacts the water; it is either housed in a quartz glass sleeve inside the water ...

3. Germicidal lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germicidal_lamp

   A 9W germicidal lamp in a modern compact fluorescent lamp form factor Glow of a germicidal lamp excited by a high voltage probe. Close-up of the electrodes and the safety warning. A germicidal lamp (also known as disinfection lamp or sterilizer lamp) is an electric light that produces ultraviolet C (UVC) light.

4. Far-UVC - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-UVC

   Unlike conventional germicidal UV-C lamps, which are limited to upper-room (above people's heads [8]) pathogen inactivation or use in unoccupied spaces, due to their negative effects on human skin and eyes, far-UVC is considered promising for whole-room pathogen inactivation due to its enhanced safety. The installation of far-UVC lights on ...

5. UV-B lamps - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV-B_lamps

   UV-B lamps are lamps that emit a spectrum of ultraviolet light with wavelengths ranging from 290–320 nanometers. This spectrum is also commonly called the biological spectrum due to the human body's sensitivity to light of such a wavelength. [1] UV-B light does not tan the skin very much, compared to the UV-A lamps that are used in tanning beds.

6. Gas-discharge lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-discharge_lamp

   A flicker light bulb, flicker flame light bulb or flicker glow lamp is a gas-discharge lamp which produces light by ionizing a gas, usually neon mixed with helium and a small amount of nitrogen gas, by an electric current passing through two flame shaped electrode screens coated with partially decomposed barium azide. The ionized gas moves ...

7. Sterilization (microbiology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

   Sterilization can be achieved using electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light (UV), X-rays, and gamma rays, or irradiation by subatomic particles such as electron beams. [57] Electromagnetic or particulate radiation can be energetic enough to ionize atoms or molecules ( ionizing radiation ), or less energetic atoms or molecules ( non ...