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Medieval ships were the vessels used in Europe during the Middle Ages. Like ships from antiquity , they were moved by sails , oars , or a combination of the two. There was a large variety, mostly based on much older, conservative designs.
Large high-sided sailing ships had always been formidable obstacles for galleys. To low-freeboard oared vessels, the bulkier sailing ships, the cog and the carrack, were almost like floating fortresses, being difficult to board and even harder to capture. Galleys remained useful as warships throughout the entire Middle Ages because of their ...
Clinker-built vessels were constructed as far South as the Basque country; the Newport Medieval Ship is an example of a clinker-built vessel that was built in the Basque region. [14] [15] By the 14th century, clinker-built ships and the cog represented the major construction methods in Northern Europe. [5]: 66
A popular design of European origin is the carrack, which utilized caravel construction techniques, allowing ships to increase in size dramatically, far past that which was capable with clinker building techniques. [4] Seen throughout the 14th and 15th century, these ships were used for trade between European powers and their foreign markets.
A carving of a birlinn from a sixteenth-century tombstone in MacDufie's Chapel, Oronsay, as engraved in 1772. The birlinn (Scottish Gaelic: bìrlinn) or West Highland galley was a wooden vessel propelled by sail and oar, used extensively in the Hebrides and West Highlands of Scotland from the Middle Ages on.
While exploring a 500-year-old shipwreck off the coast of Sweden, divers discovered “surprising” cargo and weapons that may have helped repel pirates.
The larger ships, which could not be pulled across the sand bars, had to sail around the Jutland peninsula and circumnavigate the dangerous Cape Skagen to get to the Baltic. [23] This resulted in major modifications to old ship structures, which can be observed by analyzing the evolution of the earliest cog finds of Kollerup, Skagen, and Kolding.
A hulk (or "holk") was a type of medieval ship used mostly for transports. The hulk appears to have remained a relatively minor type of sailing ship apparently peculiar to the Low Countries of Europe where it was probably used primarily as a river or canal boat, with limited potential for coastal cruising.