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Medieval ships were the vessels used in Europe during the Middle Ages. Like ships from antiquity , they were moved by sails , oars , or a combination of the two. There was a large variety, mostly based on much older, conservative designs.
A replica of the Bremen cog. A cog is a type of ship that was used during the Middle Ages, mostly for trade and transport but also in war.It first appeared in the 10th century, and was widely used from around the 12th century onward.
A carving of a birlinn from a sixteenth-century tombstone in MacDufie's Chapel, Oronsay, as engraved in 1772. The birlinn (Scottish Gaelic: bìrlinn) or West Highland galley was a wooden vessel propelled by sail and oar, used extensively in the Hebrides and West Highlands of Scotland from the Middle Ages on.
Schematic drawing of a longship construction representing the Sebbe Als ship. It is a reconstructed snekke from Denmark. The ships' design gave both strength, agility and versatility. They could navigate the open ocean, coastal waters, fjords and many rivers and could be landed on a beach. The pictured ship is the reconstructed Imme Gram.
Schematic diagram of a chain boat [33] The chain boat hauled itself along by means of a chain laid in the river bed. In order to do this, the chain was lifted out of the water by a boom at the bow of the vessel and ran down the deck, following the longitudinal axis of the ship, to the chain drive in the middle.
The Nydam boat, an early example of clinker construction. The earliest example of ship and boat building using overlapped planking joined with metal fastenings is in an extended logboat from Björke in Sweden. This dates to c. 310 AD. The Nydam boat is an almost complete example of a boat built with clinker construction. It has overlapping ...
The design of the knarr later influenced the design of the cog, used in the Baltic Sea by the Hanseatic League. Examples of Viking Age knarr are Skuldelev 1 , which was excavated in Denmark in 1962 and is believed to be from about 1030 AD, and the Äskekärr ship [ sv ] , which was found in Sweden in 1933 and is believed to be from about 930 AD.
A hulk (or "holk") was a type of medieval ship used mostly for transports. The hulk appears to have remained a relatively minor type of sailing ship apparently peculiar to the Low Countries of Europe where it was probably used primarily as a river or canal boat, with limited potential for coastal cruising.