Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Forensic statistics is the application of probability models and statistical techniques to scientific evidence, such as DNA evidence, [1] and the law. In contrast to "everyday" statistics, to not engender bias or unduly draw conclusions, forensic statisticians report likelihoods as likelihood ratios (LR).
Fig. 3.19 is a contingency table illustrating the relationships between test results and condition presence, as well as the following test accuracy parameters: Sensitivity (the rate at which the test is positive when the condition is present) TP/(TP + FN) Specificity (the rate at which the test is negative when the condition is absent) TN/(TN + FP)
[3] In addition to their laboratory role, forensic scientists testify as expert witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic, certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of forensically related cases. [4]
Match statistics are especially important in mixture interpretation where there is more than one contributor to a DNA profile. When these statistics are given in a courtroom setting or in a laboratory report they are usually given for the three most common races of that specific area.
It can be used for investigative aids, associative evidence, and in-scene reconstructions. [3] In terms of investigative aids, trace evidence can provide information to determine the origin of a sample and determine the manufacture date of the material, all of which can limit potential suspects in a case. [3]
Forensic data analysis (FDA) is a branch of digital forensics. It examines structured data with regard to incidents of financial crime . The aim is to discover and analyse patterns of fraudulent activities.
[3] [4] The two main ways to prevent wildlife crime is various types of legislation which helps protect and identify species, and the application of wildlife forensic science, which is used to view biological aspects of the crime, and is used as supporting evidence to pass various legislative acts. [2]
Rape investigation is the procedure to gather facts about a suspected rape, including forensic identification of a perpetrator, type of rape and other details. The vast majority of rapes are committed by persons known to the victim: only between five and 15 percent of assaults are perpetrated by a stranger. [ 1 ]