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As of September 2022, there are 186 parties to the convention (185 states and the European Union). [1] Notable non-ratifying states include the United States, Israel, and Malaysia. The Stockholm Convention was adopted to EU legislation in Regulation (EC) No 850/2004. [3] In 2019, the latter was replaced by Regulation (EU) 2019/1021. [4]
In a 2013 interview, Ruckelshaus briefly recounted his decision to ban DDT except for emergency uses, noting that Carson's book featured DDT and for that reason the issue drew considerable public attention. [73] Former Vice President of the United States and environmentalist Al Gore wrote an introduction to the 1992 edition of Silent Spring.
While DDT is banned in the US, other countries such as China and Turkey still produce and use it quite regularly through Dicofol, an insecticide that has DDT as an impurity. [14] This continued use in other parts of the world is still a global problem due to the mobility and persistence of DDT. The initial contact from DDT is on vegetation and ...
The evolution of DDT resistance and the harm both to humans and the environment led many governments to curtail DDT use. [13] A worldwide ban on agricultural use was formalized under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, which has been in effect since 2004.
The purpose statement of the agreement is "to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants." As of 2024, there are 185 countries plus the European Union have ratified the Stockholm Convention. [20] The convention and its participants have recognized the potential human and environmental toxicity of POPs.
The aldrin and dieldrin treatment demonstrated a decrease of 75 times less chiggers on rats for dieldrin treated terrains and 25 times less chiggers on the rats when treated with aldrin. The aldrin treatment indicate a high productivity, especially in comparison to other insecticides that were used at the time, such as DDT, sulfur or lindane. [20]
In the Stockholm Convention on POPs, which came into effect on 17 May 2004, twelve POPs were listed to be eliminated or their production and use restricted. The OCPs or pesticide-POPs identified on this list have been termed the "dirty dozen" and include aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, and toxaphene.
Stockholm Convention Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm, 2001; Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995