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The foreign exchange market (forex, FX (pronounced "fix"), or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies.This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency.
De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2022 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. Floating ( floating and free floating ) Soft pegs ( conventional peg , stabilized arrangement , crawling peg , crawl-like arrangement , pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands )
Switzerland's foreign exchange reserves consist of a significant portion of the reserves is held in major foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar, euro, and Japanese yen. [205] Switzerland also has substantial gold reserves, providing a hedge against currency fluctuations and inflation. [ 205 ]
Other factors contribute to currency exchange rates: these include forex transactions made by smaller banks, hedge funds, companies, forex brokers and traders. Companies are involved in forex transactions due to their need to pay for products and services supplied from other countries which use a different currency.
In many countries there is a distinction between the official exchange rate for permitted transactions within the country, and a parallel exchange rate (or black market, grey, unregulated, unofficial, etc. exchange rate) that responds to excess demand for foreign currency at the official exchange rate.
The country's foreign trade, monetary and fiscal policies affect the exchange rate fluctuations. Foreign trade includes policies such as tariffs and import standards for commodity exports. The impact of monetary policy on the total amount and yield of money directly determines the changes in the international exchange rate.
Retail foreign exchange trading is a small segment of the larger foreign exchange market where individuals speculate on the exchange rate between different currencies. This segment has developed with the advent of dedicated electronic trading platforms and the internet, which allows individuals to access the global currency markets.
Foreign exchange regulation is a form of financial regulation specifically aimed at the Forex market that is decentralized and operates with no central exchange or clearing house. Due to its decentralized and global nature, the foreign exchange market has been more prone to foreign exchange fraud and has been less regulated than other financial ...