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For example, the urine concentration in humans can be as concentrated as 1400 mOsm which is limited by the length of our loop of Henle, i.e., 2.2 mm. While a camel's loop of Henle, which is around 4.1 mm, can reach 2800 mOsm. Another example is the Australian mouse whose loop of Henle, 5.2 mm, can make the medulla as salty as 9000 mOsm. [7]
This illustration demonstrates the normal kidney physiology, including the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT). It also includes illustrations showing where some types of diuretics act, and what they do. Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
AQP-1 is a widely expressed water channel, whose physiological function has been most thoroughly characterized in the kidney. It is found in the basolateral and apical plasma membranes of the proximal tubules, the descending limb of the loop of Henle, and in the descending portion of the vasa recta.
They enter the medulla, and surround the loop of Henle. Whereas the peritubular capillaries surround the cortical parts of the tubules, the vasa recta go into the medulla and are closer to the loop of Henle, [1] [2] and leave to ascend to the cortex. [3] [4]
Both limbs of the loop of Henle are lined with the simple squamous epithelium. [2] Their main function is to regulate the levels of water and solutes in the primary urine . The basement membrane of the thin limb in humans has very uniform nodular thickenings that form a network that surrounds the tubule and acts as a support structure that is ...
The epithelium in the thick segment of the descending limb consists of low simple cuboidal cells, which resemble those found in the proximal tubule.In contrast, the epithelium transitions to a simple squamous type in the thin segment, which is less metabolically active and has minimal surface specializations.
The medullary interstitium is the tissue surrounding the loop of Henle in the medulla. It functions in renal water reabsorption by building up a high hypertonicity, which draws water out of the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system.
Loop of Henle thin segment cell: Kidney distal tubule cell: Principal cell: Kidney collecting duct cell: Intercalated cell: Epithelial / Barrier cells Mesoderm Transitional epithelium: urinary bladder: Barrier cells Mesoderm: Duct cell seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and similar Reproductive system Barrier cells Efferent ducts cell Epididymal ...