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The tolerable level of these risks is specified as a safety requirement in the form of a target 'probability of a dangerous failure' in a given period of time, stated as a discrete SIL. Certification schemes, such as the CASS Scheme (Conformity Assessment of Safety-related Systems) are used to establish whether a device meets a particular SIL ...
An SIS performs a safety instrumented function (SIF). The SIS is credited with a certain measure of reliability depending on its safety integrity level (SIL). The required SIL is determined from a quantitative process hazard analysis (PHA), such as a Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA). The SIL requirements are verified during the design ...
Layers of protection analysis (LOPA) is a technique for evaluating the hazards, risks and layers of protection associated with a system, such as a chemical process plant. . In terms of complexity and rigour LOPA lies between qualitative techniques such as hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) and quantitative techniques such as fault trees and event trees.
IEC/EN 62061, ”Safety of machinery: Functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems”, is the machinery specific implementation of IEC/EN 61508. It provides requirements that are applicable to the system level design of all types of machinery safety-related electrical control systems and also for the ...
An engineering process called the safety life cycle is defined based on best practices in order to discover and eliminate design errors and omissions. A probabilistic failure approach to account for the safety impact of device failures. The safety life cycle has 16 phases which roughly can be divided into three groups as follows:
Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels; ISA 84.01/IEC 61511 requires a management system for identified SIS. An SIS is composed of a separate and independent combination of sensors, logic solvers, final elements, and support systems that are designed and managed to achieve a specified safety integrity level (SIL).
Safety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. It is strongly related to industrial engineering/systems engineering, and the subset system safety engineering. Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed, even when components fail.
The structural designs are integrated with those of other designers such as architects and building services engineer and often supervise the construction of projects by contractors on site. [2] They can also be involved in the design of machinery, medical equipment, and vehicles where structural integrity affects functioning and safety.