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A Roman hanging lamp or chandelier. Hanging lighting devices, some described as chandeliers, were known since ancient times, and circular ceramic lamps with multiple points for wicks or candles were used in the Roman period. [11] [12] The Roman terms lychnuchus or lychnus, however, can refer to candlestick, floor lamps, candelabra, or ...
While "candelabrum" is now often used to mean a branched candle holder, the term has been used to describe a variety of lighting objects. A candelabrum may describe a tall stand that supports a lamp. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] The Roman candelabra may consist of a stalk or reed, the upper part moulded with projecting feature to carry lights at the top, and ...
Whether a separate office or not, the function was naturally an important one, in a time before electric light, and when production of candles was often done privately. It was closely connected with other offices of the household, such as the ewery and the scullery. [2] While this usage is obsolete today, the term can refer to a candle business.
Later the mirror, especially if it is circular and convex, may be called girandole by itself without the candle holders. [3] The wall-mounted lighting device is a common definition of girandole in English today. [13] [5] [14] Some large dressing glasses of the 19th century were known as "girandoles" because of the lighting devices mounted to ...
The light of the candle flame was often intensified by a reflecting backplate. Using brackets, the candle or gas flame would be kept at safe distance from the wall and ceiling. [3] Modern electric light fixture sconces are often used in hallways or corridors to provide both lighting and a point of interest in a long passage. Sconce height in a ...
Two modern electric lamps with lampshades. A lampshade is a fixture that envelops the light bulb on a lamp to redirect the light it emits. The shade is often affixed onto a light fixture to reduce the intensity of the light to observers, shield the light from a harsh environment, or for decoration by altering the color or creating shadows.