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Emperor penguin attacked by a leopard seal Giant petrel and emperor penguin chicks. The emperor penguin's predators include birds and aquatic mammals. Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) are the predominant land predator of chicks, responsible for over one-third of chick deaths in some colonies; they also scavenge dead penguins.
The macaroni penguin's predators consist of birds and aquatic mammals. The leopard seal ( Hydrurga leptonyx ), Antarctic fur seal ( Arctocephalus gazella ), Subantarctic fur seal ( A. tropicalis ), and killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) hunt adult macaroni penguins in the water.
The Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is a penguin endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador. It is the only penguin found north of the equator . [ 4 ] Most inhabit Fernandina Island and the west coast of Isabela Island . [ 5 ]
Predators and Threats. Emperor penguins are preyed upon by a number of large, marine carnivores, but their exact predators vary between geographic locations. Vulnerable emperor penguin chicks are ...
King penguins mainly eat lanternfish, squid, and krill. On foraging trips, king penguins repeatedly dive to over 100 metres (300 ft), and have been recorded at depths greater than 300 metres (1,000 ft). [2] Predators of the king penguin include giant petrels, skuas, the snowy sheathbill, the leopard seal, and the orca.
All penguins are countershaded for camouflage – that is, they have black backs and wings with white fronts. [45] A predator looking up from below (such as an orca or a leopard seal) has difficulty distinguishing between a white penguin belly and the reflective water surface. The dark plumage on their backs camouflages them from above.
It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name kororā. It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout the day and returns to burrows on the shore at dusk, making it the only nocturnal penguin species on land.
Adult Rockhopper penguins have no land-based predators. They are eaten when at sea by leopard seals , fur seals , killer whales and blue sharks . [ 12 ] Chicks and eggs are eaten by many birds including giant petrels , skuas , sheathbills and various types of gulls .