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For superficial injuries, washing (therapeutic irrigation) is important.Emergency treatments include protecting the airway, which might involve a tracheostomy.Further treatment will vary depending on the severity, but might include investigations to determine the extent of damage (bronchoscopy for the airways and endoscopy for the gastrointestinal tract), followed by treatments including ...
Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Substances that diffuse efficiently in human tissue, e.g., hydrofluoric acid , sulfur mustard , and dimethyl sulfate , may not react immediately, but instead produce the burns and inflammation hours after the contact.
A 37-year-old acid attack victim from Tabriz, Iran. An acid attack, [1] also called acid throwing, vitriol attack, or vitriolage, is a form of violent assault [2] [3] [4] involving the act of throwing acid or a similarly corrosive substance onto the body of another "with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill". [5]
Chemical burns are rarer than most other burns, though there are many chemicals that can damage tissue. The most common chemical-related injuries are those caused by carbon monoxide, ammonia, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Some chemical weapons induce chemical burns, such as white phosphorus.
Poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body. [1] The term "poisoning" is a derivative of poison, a term describing any chemical substance that may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion. [2] Poisoning can be brought on by swallowing, inhaling, injecting or absorbing toxins through the skin.
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The most adverse consequences of chronic metabolic acidosis in people with CKD, and in particular, for those who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD), are detrimental changes to the bones and muscles. [26] Acid buffering leads to loss of bone density, resulting in an increased risk of bone fractures, [27] renal osteodystrophy, [28] and bone ...
On mechanically breaking these lumps (e.g., with the drag board of a fishing net or by the human hand) the enclosed mustard gas is still as active as it had been at the time the weapon was dumped. These lumps, when washed ashore, can be mistaken for amber, which can lead to severe health problems.