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Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
Phenylephrine is an oral medication primarily used as a decongestant. [5] [6] It is a selective α 1-adrenergic receptor activator which results in the constriction of both arteries and veins. [5] Common side effects include nausea, headache, and anxiety. [5] Phenylephrine was patented in 1927 and came into medical use in 1938. [7]
Mephentermine, sold under the brand name Wyamine among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which was previously used in the treatment of low blood pressure but is mostly no longer marketed. [6] [5] [4] [7] [8] It is used by injection into a vein or muscle, by inhalation, and by mouth. [4] [5]
Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure. [1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood [2] and is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the ...
Side effects of etilefrine include nausea, tremors, and palpitations, among others. [5] Etilefrine is an agonist of the α-and β-adrenergic receptors. [6] It is a substituted phenethylamine and is related to epinephrine, phenylephrine, and norfenefrine. [2] Etilefrine was first described and introduced for medical use by 1949. [7] [8]
The first effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was a non-selective alpha blocker phenoxybenzamine which was irreversible. Dibenzyline was the first brand name marketed. Today phenoxybenzamine is not the first choice due to many side effects like lowering blood pressure. [2]
Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. [1] The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine [adrenaline], norepinephrine [noradrenaline], and dopamine ), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones .
Permissive hypotension or hypotensive resuscitation [1] is the use of restrictive fluid therapy, specifically in the trauma patient, that increases systemic blood pressure without reaching normotension (normal blood pressures). The goal blood pressure for these patients is a mean arterial pressure of 40-50 mmHg or systolic blood pressure of ...