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Since filters are tested against the by definition most penetrating particle size of 0.3 μm, an APR with a P100 classification would be at least 99.97% efficient at removing particles of this size. [N2] Particles with a size both less than and greater than 0.3 μm may be filtered at an efficiency greater than 99.97%.
The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a particular bacterium. [1] It can be determined from broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests by subculturing to agar plates that do not contain the test agent.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
The subject of the terms is thus important here: whether the focus of a discussion is the server hardware, server OS, functional service, software service/process, or similar, it is only if there is a single, consistent subject of the discussion that the words uptime and availability can be used synonymously.
For example, a percentage of 99.5% could be expressed as "two nines five" (2N5, or N2.5) [2] or as 2.3 nines, [citation needed] following from the logarithm definition. A percentage of 100% would, in theory, have an infinite number of nines – though, in the context of purity of materials, 100% is virtually unachievable.
Five nines, commonly taken to mean "99.999%", may refer to: High availability of services, when a service is available for 99.999% of the time, or around 5 minutes of downtime per year; Nine (purity), a 99.999% pure substance; German 15 cm (5.9 in) artillery shells used in World War I
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) depends upon the maintenance philosophy. If a system is designed with both redundancy and automatic fault bypass, then MTBF is the anticipated lifespan of the system if these features cover all possible failure modes (infinity for all practical purposes). Such systems will continue without noticeable ...
For an approximately normal data set, the values within one standard deviation of the mean account for about 68% of the set; while within two standard deviations account for about 95%; and within three standard deviations account for about 99.7%. Shown percentages are rounded theoretical probabilities intended only to approximate the empirical ...