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The Merneptah Stele, also known as the Israel Stele or the Victory Stele of Merneptah, is an inscription by Merneptah, a pharaoh in ancient Egypt who reigned from 1213 to 1203 BCE. Discovered by Flinders Petrie at Thebes in 1896, it is now housed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo .
Merneptah (/ ˈ m ɛr n ɛ p t ɑː, m ər ˈ n ɛ p t ɑː / [2]) or Merenptah (reigned July or August 1213–2 May 1203 BCE) was the fourth pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. According to contemporary historical records, he ruled Egypt for almost ten years, from late July or early August 1213 until his death on 2 May 1203. [ 3 ]
Some consider his most famous discovery to be that of the Merneptah Stele, [5] an opinion with which Petrie himself concurred. [6] Undoubtedly at least as important is his 1905 discovery and correct identification of the character of the Proto-Sinaitic script , the ancestor of almost all alphabetic scripts.
Lawrence Stager also objected to identifying Merneptah's Shasu with Israelites, since the Shasu are shown dressed differently from the Israelites, who are dressed and hairstyled as Canaanites. [24] [25] [b] Scholars point out that Egyptian scribes tended to bundle up "rather disparate groups of people within a single artificially unifying rubric."
The Merneptah Stele, one of several texts celebrating the Egyptian victory at Perire.. Meryey's operations ultimately culminated in a major confrontation at Perire on the third day of the third month of "Shomu", probably 1208 BC, [1] though 1205 BC [3] and 1207 BC have also been suggested.
1213 BC– 1203 BC—Merneptah Stele makes the earliest recorded mention of Israel. 1213 BC—Theseus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed and succeeded by Menestheus, great-grandson of Erechtheus and second cousin of Theseus' father Aegeus.
The Merneptah stele, including inscription. Description The Merneptah stele, An Egyptian inscription in which reference seems to be made to Israel in the words, 'Y-s-rl, his seed is scattered'.
English: Closeup of the Merenptah Stele, or Israel Stele, mentioning ysrỉꜣr ("Israel") on line 27. Egyptian Museum in Cairo, March 12, 2022 Egyptian Museum in Cairo, March 12, 2022 Date