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Encephalartos horridus, the Eastern Cape blue cycad, [3] is a small, low-growing cycad up to 0.9 m (3.0 ft) high and 0.9 m (3.0 ft) wide. [4] It is a native of Eastern Cape Province , South Africa , and found in arid shrublands, most commonly on ridges and slopes with shallow soils.
Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees , [ 2 ] bread palms [ 3 ] or kaffir bread , [ 4 ] since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem.
Female plants have 1-3 upright, cylindrical cones that are about 50–60 cm (20–24 in) long and 23–25 cm (9–10 in) wide, also olive green, with macrosporophylls about 8 cm (3 in) long. The seeds are roughly egg-shaped, 2.5–3.0 cm (1.0–1.2 in) long, and covered with dark red sarcotesta .
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Female specimens have solitary cylindrical-ovoid cones, approximately 40–50 cm long and 16–18 cm wide, with a conical apex, also yellow to greenish-yellow in color. The seeds are roughly ovoid, about 3.5 cm long, and covered with a brown to red sarcotesta. [5]
This species is dioecious, meaning it has separate male and female plants. The male cones are spindle-shaped, yellow, and measure 8–23 cm long and 3–5 cm in diameter. They have broad, rhombic-shaped microsporophylls. The female cones are ovoid, green, and larger, measuring 15–35 cm long and 8–15 cm in diameter.
The leaves, pinnate, arranged in a crown at the apex of the stem, are 1.2–1.5 m (3 ft 11 in – 4 ft 11 in) long, supported by a 30–40 cm (12–16 in) long petiole with a densely tomentose base, and composed of numerous pairs of lanceolate, leathery leaflets, up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long, with entire margin or occasionally with a single spine ...