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The enzyme is deacylated by a water molecule and releases the carboxy terminal portion of the peptide. In immunology, papain is known to cleave the Fc (crystallisable) portion of immunoglobulins (antibodies) from the Fab (antigen-binding) portion. Papain is a relatively heat-resistant enzyme, with an optimal temperature range of 60 to 70 °C. [9]
However, several studies have demonstrated different successful methods to extract and isolate the protease, which vary among authors. [17] [18] The most common procedure is the one described by Baines & Brocklehurst in 1979. [19] In order to obtain the protein, Carica Papaya fruits are used, as chymopapain is found in its latex.
The papain enzyme present in the milky latex of immature fruits and leaves is often used in the culinary industry as a meat tenderizer since it is a digestive enzyme. [7] Traditionally, the mountain papaya fruit is also prepared as an infused drink including passion fruit, apple, and other fruits and is often sold by street vendors. [citation ...
Papaya Plant and fruit, from Koehler's Medicinal-Plants (1887) Conservation status Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Caricaceae Genus: Carica Species: C. papaya Binomial name Carica papaya L. The papaya, papaw, is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 ...
Enzyme treatment is another well reported method which targets the plant cell wall to aid the release of bound proteins. However, enzymes are generally more expensive compared to physical or chemical methods of protein extraction. Recovering the protein from the extract however is most critical to the nutritive value of the LPC.
The first description of this enzyme was provided by Schack, [1] who named it papaya peptidase A. The same enzyme has since been given a number of different names, including papaya peptidase II, [4] papaya proteinase III [5] and papaya proteinase. [7] The name caricain was recommended by NC-IUBMB in 1992.