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Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl 3 C−CH(OH) 2. It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in usage in the United States until at least the 1970s. [ 4 ]
Dichloralphenazone is a 1:2 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. In combination with paracetamol and isometheptene, it is the active ingredient of medications for migraine and tension headaches, including Epidrin and Midrin. Performance impairments are common with this drug and caution is advised, for example when driving motor vehicles.
Ethchlorvynol is a member of the class of sedative-hypnotic carbinols, which includes methylparafynol and tert-amyl alcohol.It is not a benzodiazepine, carbamate, or barbituric acid derivative, and its molecular structure is considerably simpler.
Chloral tends to form adducts with water (to give chloral hydrate) and alcohols. Aside from its tendency to hydrate, chloral is notable as a building block in the synthesis of DDT. For this purpose, chloral is treated with chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid: Cl 3 CCHO + 2 C 6 H 5 Cl → Cl 3 CCH(C 6 H 4 Cl) 2 ...
Following a rupture in supply 2014–2015 [3] the product returned to French pharmacies in June 2016 with the same composition, minus chloral hydrate, now banned, and with the indication "mouthwash" («bain de bouche») removed. [4] Among the new uses of the reformulation is endorsement of the Synthol gel as an umbilical cord antiseptic. [5]
The pharmacological effects of this compound in humans are similar to those of its prodrug chloral hydrate, and of chlorobutanol. Historically, it has been used as a sedative hypnotic. [3] The hypnotic drug triclofos (2,2,2-trichloroethyl phosphate) is metabolized in vivo to 2,2,2-trichloroethanol. Chronic exposure may result in kidney and ...
It is a betaine complex of trimethylglycine with chloral hydrate, which acts as an extended-acting formulation of chloral hydrate which is then metabolized into trichloroethanol, which is responsible for most or all of its effects. [3] [4] [6]
Petrichloral (Pentaerythritol chloral) is a sedative and hypnotic chloral hydrate prodrug. [1] [2] It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA. [3] References