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Amorphous indium oxide is insoluble in water but soluble in acids, whereas crystalline indium oxide is insoluble in both water and acids. The crystalline form exists in two phases, the cubic (bixbyite type) [1] and rhombohedral (corundum type). Both phases have a band gap of about 3 eV. [3] [4] The parameters of the cubic phase are listed in ...
Many metals (such as zinc, tin, lead, aluminium, and beryllium) form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) is an example of an amphoteric oxide. Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states of the oxide. Amphoteric oxides include lead(II) oxide and zinc oxide, among many others. [5]
Indium tin oxide and indium phosphide harm the pulmonary and immune systems, predominantly through ionic indium, [91] though hydrated indium oxide is more than forty times as toxic when injected, measured by the quantity of indium introduced. [21] People can be exposed to indium in the workplace by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and eye ...
Boron oxide (B 2 O 3) is slightly acidic, aluminium and gallium oxide (Al 2 O 3 and Ga 2 O 3 respectively) are amphoteric, indium(III) oxide (In 2 O 3) is nearly amphoteric, and thallium(III) oxide (Tl 2 O 3) is a Lewis base because it dissolves in acids to form salts.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a ternary composition of indium, tin and oxygen in varying proportions. Depending on the oxygen content, it can be described as either a ceramic or an alloy . Indium tin oxide is typically encountered as an oxygen-saturated composition with a formulation of 74% In, 8% Sn, and 18% O by weight.
An oxide is a chemical compound in which one or more oxygen atoms combined with another element, such as H 2 O or CO 2. Based on their acid-base characteristics, oxides can be classified into four categories: acidic oxides, basic oxides, and amphoteric oxides and neutral oxides.
The bond length, or the minimum separating distance between two atoms participating in bond formation, is determined by their repulsive and attractive forces along the internuclear direction. [3] As the two atoms get closer and closer, the positively charged nuclei repel, creating a force that attempts to push the atoms apart.
The incipient C-C bond, illustrated in red, creates a six-member ring in a chair conformation. Under chelation control, the allyl group attacks the carbonyl carbon from the less hindered side opposite to that of the R group. Once the C-C bond is fully formed, the indium is released, producing the syn diol.