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To achieve a higher vacuum, other techniques must then be used, typically in series (usually following an initial fast pump down with a positive displacement pump). Some examples might be use of an oil sealed rotary vane pump (the most common positive displacement pump) backing a diffusion pump, or a dry scroll pump backing a turbomolecular pump.
In its initial years, Edwards Vacuum imported vacuum equipment from Germany's Leybold. [2] [3] A freeze-drying method using vacuum chambers was patented in the 1930s. During World War II, the technology was further perfected and expanded to freeze-dry instant coffee, but also blood plasma and penicillin.
An eccentric rotary vane pump Another eccentric rotary-vane pump design. Note that modern pumps have an area contact between rotor and stator (and not a line contact). 1. pump housing 2. rotor 3. vanes 4. spring. A rotary vane pump is a type of positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In ...
In 1994, Degussa sold Leybold to the Swiss Oerlikon Bührle Group, which combined Leybold with the Balzers AG, which was already in their possession, to form the Balzers and Leybold Group. The merger of these companies resulted in the world's largest vacuum and surface technology company with around 6 500 employees, generating sales of DEM 1.8 ...
The system is an axial compressor that puts energy into the gas, rather than a turbine, which takes energy out of a moving fluid to create rotary power, thus "turbomolecular pump" is a misnomer. Gas captured by the upper stages is pushed into the lower stages and successively compressed to the level of the fore-vacuum (backing pump) pressure.
Liquid-ring pumps are typically used as vacuum pumps, but can also be used as gas compressors.The function of a liquid-ring pump is similar to a rotary vane pump, with the difference being that the vanes are a rigid part of the rotor and churn a rotating ring of liquid to form the compression-chamber seal.
The CME FedWatch Tool, which measures market expectations for Fed fund rate changes, projects a 96.7% chance the Fed will cut rates by a quarter percentage point to a range of 4.25% to 4.50% at ...
A roughing pump is any vacuum pump (typically mechanical) used to initially evacuate a vacuum system, as a first stage towards achieving high vacuum or ultra high vacuum.The term "roughing pump" derives from the vacuum range it works in, "rough vacuum", above 1x10 −3 torr (0.1 Pa).