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Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [ note 1 ] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases .
Its salts and minerals are important chemical reagents and industrial chemicals, mainly used in the production of hydrogen fluoride for fluorocarbons. Fluoride is classified as a weak base since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin. Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion.
The fluorine–fluorine bond of the difluorine molecule is relatively weak when compared to the bonds of heavier dihalogen molecules. The bond energy is significantly weaker than those of Cl 2 or Br 2 molecules and similar to the easily cleaved oxygen–oxygen bonds of peroxides or nitrogen–nitrogen bonds of hydrazines. [8]
Hydrogen fluoride (fluorane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula H F.It is a very poisonous, colorless gas or liquid that dissolves in water to yield hydrofluoric acid.
Fluoroperoxyl is a molecule such as O–O–F, whose chemical formula is O 2 F and is stable only at low temperature. It has been reported to be produced from atomic fluorine and dioxygen. [12] O 2 + F → O 2 F
Dioxygen difluoride is a compound of fluorine and oxygen with the molecular formula O 2 F 2.It can exist as an orange-red colored solid which melts into a red liquid at −163 °C (110 K).
Perfluoroalkanes are very stable because of the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond, one of the strongest in organic chemistry. [4] Its strength is a result of the electronegativity of fluorine imparting partial ionic character through partial charges on the carbon and fluorine atoms, which shorten and strengthen the bond (compared to carbon-hydrogen bonds) through favorable covalent ...
Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size. Its structure is analogous to that of sodium chloride, but it is much less soluble in water. It is mainly used as a component of molten salts. [4]