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In conversation analysis, turn-taking organization describes the sets of practices speakers use to construct and allocate turns. [1] The organization of turn-taking was first explored as a part of conversation analysis by Harvey Sacks with Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson in the late 1960s/early 1970s, and their model is still generally accepted in the field.
The transcription conventions take into account overlapping speech, delays between speech, pitch, volume and speed based on research showing that these features matter for the conversation in terms of action, turn-taking and more. [9] Transcripts are typically written in a monospaced font to ease the alignment of overlap symbols.
In linguistics, an adjacency pair is an example of conversational turn-taking.An adjacency pair is composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other. The speaking of the first utterance (the first-pair part, or the first turn) provokes a responding utterance (the second-pair part, or the second turn). [1]
A turn construction unit (TCU) is the fundamental segment of speech in a conversation, as analysed in conversation analysis. The idea was introduced in "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation" by Harvey Sacks , Emanuel Schegloff , and Gail Jefferson in 1974. [ 1 ]
An interaction with a tightly focused topic or purpose is also generally not considered a conversation. [3] Summarizing these properties, one authority writes that "Conversation is the kind of speech that happens informally, symmetrically, and for the purposes of establishing and maintaining social ties." [4]
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Relevant next turn refers to the initiation or invitation to respond between speakers, including verbal and nonverbal prompts for turn-taking in conversation. Questions and answers act as adjacency pairs, [8] the first part of the conversation is relevant to the second part. Meaning that a relevant utterance needs to be made in response to the ...
Henrik Poulsen employed a similar strategy as the CEO of Orsted, once a sleepy utility company, and transformed it into one of the world’s largest renewables companies. “He reframed what ...