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Beta cells (β-cells) are specialized endocrine cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans responsible for the production and release of insulin and amylin. [1] Constituting ~50–70% of cells in human islets, beta cells play a vital role in maintaining blood glucose levels. [ 2 ]
Because the beta cells in the pancreatic islets are selectively destroyed by an autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes, clinicians and researchers are actively pursuing islet transplantation as a means of restoring physiological beta cell function, which would offer an alternative to a complete pancreas transplant or artificial pancreas.
Pancreatic beta cell function (synonyms G β or, if calculated from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, HOMA-Beta or SPINA-GBeta) is one of the preconditions of euglycaemia, i.e. normal blood sugar regulation. It is defined as insulin secretory capacity, i.e. the maximum amount of insulin to be produced by beta cells in a given unit ...
Beta cells are specialized cells in the pancreas that produce and release the hormone insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. People with type 2 diabetes have a weakened beta-cell ...
Pancreatic islets contain alpha cells, beta cells, and delta cells, each of which releases a different hormone. These cells have characteristic positions, with alpha cells (secreting glucagon) tending to be situated around the periphery of the islet, and beta cells (secreting insulin) more numerous and found throughout the islet. [9]
Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets in most vertebrates and by the Brockmann body in some teleost fish. [23] Cone snails : Conus geographus and Conus tulipa , venomous sea snails that hunt small fish, use modified forms of insulin in their venom cocktails.
The endocrine cells constitute the beta cells which make insulin, alpha cells which secrete glucagon, delta cells which secrete somatostatin and the PP-cells which secrete pancreatic polypeptide. [ 3 ]
Exocrine component of pancreas Pancreatic ductal cells; Pancreatic acinar cell; Centroacinar cell; Pancreatic stellate cell; Islets of Langerhans. Alpha cell; Beta cell; PP cell (F cell, gamma cell) Delta cell; Epsilon cell